According to the International Energy Agency (IEA) forecast, the global fleet of pure electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) on roads will reach 250 million by 2030. In 2018, IEA reported only 5.1 million such vehicles worldwide. This represents a dramatic increase, driven by mutually reinforcing technological advances in powertrains, power electronics, battery cells/packs, and charging infrastructure.
According to the International Energy Agency (IEA) forecast, the global fleet of pure electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) on roads will reach 250 million by 2030. In 2018, IEA reported···
On-board Electronic Control Units (ECUs), recognized as the core control modules of vehicle electronic systems, are often referred to as the "vehicle's central computer" or "on-board brain." Their functions span critical areas including powertrain control (such as fuel injection and ignition timing), safety system management (like Electronic Stability Program - ESP and brake control), and overall vehicle status coordination. With the continuous advancement of automotive electronics, modern vehicles now incorporate over 80 ECUs per unit, whose reliability directly determines the vehicle's safety, dynamic performance, and regulatory compliance.
On-board DC-DC Converters as the "Vehicle Energy Nerve Center"The on-board DC-DC converter plays a critical role in the energy management system of electric vehicles. Its core function is to convert high-voltage direct current (typically 300-800V) from the power battery pack into stable low-voltage direct current (e.g., 12V, 24V, or 48V) required by auxiliary systems. This powers entertainment systems, lighting systems, power steering, air conditioning, and other auxiliary devices, while ensuring the stable operation of the vehicle’s low-voltage electrical and control systems.
VW 80000:2021 is an electrical and electronic component testing standard developed by the Volkswagen Group, comprising 24 test items from E-01 to E-24. It covers the performance testing requirements for electrical and electronic components under various voltage conditions.
MBN LV124-1 2013 is an electrical and electronic component testing standard established by Mercedes-Benz, consisting of 22 test items from E-01 to E-22. While it shares significant similarities with the VW 80000:2021 standard in terms of test item structure, there are differences in specific parameter requirements.
ISO 16750-2:2023, as the international standard for electrical load testing of road vehicle electrical and electronic equipment, was officially released in July 2023, fully replacing the 2012 version. In response to the technological changes in new energy vehicles and intelligent connected vehicles, this standard adds 15 test items, focusing on strengthening electrical environment adaptability and complex working condition simulation capabilities.
With the continuous advancement of automotive electrification, traditional 12V power supply systems can no longer meet the demands of high-power equipment such as intelligent driving and by-wire chassis. As a transitional solution, the 48V low-voltage system quadruples power transmission capability without significantly increasing costs, effectively addressing the power limitations of 12V systems. In this context, GB/T 45120-2024 has been introduced to standardize the technical requirements and testing methods for 48V systems, promoting industry-wide standardization.
The MBN LV148 2013 standard is a professional specification for electrical and electronic components in 48V automotive electrical systems, providing critical guidance for automotive electrical system design.
